In the method GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar – GPR) an electromagnetic pulse of short duration is generated by an antenna placed at the contact with the ground or with the other material to be investigated. The frequencies used usually vary from the range 10 MHz to 3 GHz., depending on the material to be investigated, the depth of investigation and the resolution to be obtained. The pulses of this frequency band, are such as to propagate within ground, stone elements, concrete or wood.
The signal that passes through such materials, when it encounters objects or surfaces characterized by different electromagnetic character, undergoes reflections or dispersions which are picked up by a receiving antenna placed in proximity of the antenna which transmits the pulses. The receiving antenna can then record the variations in the return signal. The set of pulses received along a scan line is a radargram, the processing of which enables to obtain information about the investigated materials or on the presence and location of buried structures. The association of parallel lines of scan, also allows to operate with the possibility of processing three-dimensional reconstructions of geometry of the elements buried in the ground or embedded in the concrete.
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