Georadar investigation

Pulsed Electromagnetic System

In the Georadar method (Ground Penetrating Radar – GPR), a short-duration electromagnetic pulse is generated by an antenna placed in contact with the ground or other material to be investigated.

The frequencies used range from a few tens of MHz up to about 3.0 GHz, depending on the material to be investigated, the depth of investigation, and the resolution desired. These frequency-band pulses are capable of propagating through the ground, stone elements, concrete, or wood.

The signal passing through such materials, when it encounters objects or surfaces characterized by different electromagnetic properties, undergoes reflections or scattering, which are captured by a receiving antenna placed near the transmitting antenna.
The set of pulses received along a scan line constitutes a radargram, whose processing provides information about the materials investigated or the presence and location of buried structures. The association of parallel scan lines also allows for three-dimensional processing, enabling the reconstruction of the geometry of elements buried in the ground or embedded in concrete.